CPA PEPCapstone 1 — Singular Textiles Corp.
05

公司运营

Operations

魁北克工厂收入

Quebec Mill Revenue

2026年初,魁北克工厂共有10位长期客户,均为在蒙特利尔(距工厂一小时车程以内)经营的服装制造商。受成本上涨影响,这些客户的采购量持续下滑。2026年,所有客户均转为按需下单,给 STC 约60天的生产和交货准备时间,付款期限为发票开具后30天内。

通常情况下,订单完成后即行发货。但自2024年底起,越来越多的客户要求 STC 代为保管库存,直至客户准备好接收为止——此时付款须在货物发出、客户验收后方可完成。在产能利用率下降的背景下,公司拥有足够的仓储空间,因此同意免费提供这项服务,以维系客户关系。

根据合同条款,客户有权对魁北克工厂进行现场审计,核实所用原料是否均为未漂白、未处理的棉麻纤维。历次审计均获优秀评级,坚持进行审计的客户也是忠诚度最高的客户群体。这类客户要求 STC 符合其供应商行为准则,涵盖安全健康的工作环境及部分环保可持续实践。两家工厂的销售合同均规定由 STC 承担运费,货物控制权在交付客户处并经验收后方可转移。STC 自有货车队用于魁北克和安大略省的配送,萨斯喀彻温省的配送则委托第三方物流公司负责。

In early 2026, the Quebec mill has 10 long-time customers that manufacture clothing in facilities in Montreal, within a one-hour driving distance from the Quebec mill. Given increasing costs, volumes sold to these remaining customers have declined. In 2026, Quebec mill customers are contracting only on an as-needed basis, giving STC about 60 days' lead time to manufacture and deliver. Normal credit terms are to pay within 30 days of the invoice date.

Usually, orders are shipped as completed. However, starting in late 2024, an increasing number of customers have asked STC to hold the inventory until the customer is ready to take delivery. In these cases, payment is made only after the order is shipped, received, and inspected by the customer. With reduced production, the company has the warehouse space and has agreed to do this at no additional cost in order to keep customers satisfied.

As part of their contracts, the customers have the right to visit and audit the Quebec mill to verify that only unbleached and untreated cotton and linen are being used. These audits have always reported excellent ratings, and it is the customers that perform these audits that have remained most loyal to STC. These customers require STC to comply with their supplier codes of conduct related to safe and healthy working conditions and to start adopting some environmentally sustainable practices. Both Quebec and RAM mill revenue contracts require STC to pay delivery charges for shipping. Control of the goods transfers once delivered and inspected at the customers' premises. STC uses its own fleet of trucks to make deliveries in Quebec and Ontario and a third-party logistics company for Saskatchewan.

RAM 工厂收入

RAM Mill Revenue

RAM 工厂产品销售额的60%来自前四大客户,其中单一最大客户占总收入的21%。2025年上半年,多份为期两年的客户合同到期,客户须按合同约定兑现最低采购量,带动销售额阶段性上升。然而,这些客户在续约时不再签订长期合同,转而签署仅固定售价的6个月短期合同,且允许在提前60天通知的前提下无罚款地削减采购量。产品售价基本保持稳定,原材料成本和毛利率亦相对稳定。根据现有合同承诺,RAM 工厂的产品销售额预计将于2026年起持续下滑,原因是客户陆续转向其他供应商。

RAM 工厂客户会委托独立检验机构对面料进行耐磨、防水和色牢度等性能测试,迄今所有产品均通过检验。

Of the RAM mill's product sales, 60% are to the top four customers, with one customer representing 21% of total revenues. In the first half of 2025, several two-year customer contracts were due to expire, and customers were required to make good on their contracts' guaranteed purchase volumes, which resulted in an increase in sales. However, instead of renewing as longer-term contracts, the RAM mill's customers are now signing only six-month contracts that fix the selling price, and although volumes are specified in the contracts, these can be reduced with 60 days' notice and no penalties. Selling prices have remained relatively constant, as have input costs and the RAM mill products' gross profit margins. Based on contractual commitments, RAM mill product sales are projected to decline in 2026 and later as customers move their business to other mills.

The RAM mill customers hire independent inspection and verification companies to test the fabric to ensure it meets performance specifications related to abrasion, water resistance, and colour fastness. To date, RAM mill products have passed all these inspections.

生产与成本

Manufacturing & COGS

原材料、包装材料及其他直接物料从批发商、经销商或生产商处直接采购。STC 已与棉花和亚麻主要供应商签订长期供应协议以锁定价格、保障供应,同时也与 RAM 工厂的原材料供应商签订了一年期合同。公司将两座工厂均选址靠近客户,而非靠近原材料供应商。

魁北克工厂自动化程度较低,纺纱、织造、裁剪、搬运和质检环节仍主要依赖人工操作。制造费用(Manufacturing Overhead)包括:水电气等公用事业费用、工厂耗材、机器维修保养费用、物业税、保险及工厂维护费,以及货车运营成本(燃油、牌照、保险、维护);此外还包括产品开发成本,但公司在这方面的投入极少。魁北克工厂的新产品设计均由 Doris 根据客户个性化需求量身定制,纺纱和织造工序的调整可轻松适应这些变化。

生产规划:以往客户签订长期合同时,STC 与客户协作进行销售预测和生产计划。随着客户普遍转为按需短期合同,参与协作的客户数量大幅减少,使得 STC 的预测和生产计划难度显著上升,预测偏差也随之扩大。

Raw materials, packaging materials, and other direct supplies are purchased from wholesalers, distributors, or directly from producers. STC has negotiated long-term supply agreements with major suppliers of its cotton and linen inputs to fix prices and guarantee supply, mitigating the risk of volatile input prices and lack of supply. STC has also negotiated one-year supply contracts for the raw materials required for its RAM mill. STC has located its mills close to customers, rather than close to its suppliers.

In the Quebec mill, little automation has been adopted, with human labour still used predominantly for spinning, weaving, cutting, handling, and quality control. Manufacturing overhead includes plant operating costs for utilities (natural gas, electricity, and water); factory supplies and consumables; machinery repairs and maintenance; property taxes, insurance, and maintenance related to the mills; and also the costs related to operating the delivery trucks. Also included in manufacturing overhead are product development costs; however, the company engages in very little product development. In the Quebec mill, new product design is done upon request by customers; Doris creates the new fabrics to the customer's specifications, and modifications can easily be accommodated.

Production Planning: In previous years, when longer-term revenue contracts were the norm, STC used to work collaboratively with customers for forecasting sales and production planning. As customers have moved to contracts on an as-needed basis, the number of customers involved in this collaboration has declined. This has made forecasting and production planning far more difficult for STC, and forecasting models are now prone to greater variability of projected versus actual.

固定资产

PPE

公司拥有两座工厂的所有权。总部设于魁北克工厂,位于蒙特利尔以北郊区;RAM 工厂位于安大略省南部的金斯顿郊外农村地区。公司还拥有自己的货车车队,分别部署在两座工厂。2015年,STC 收购了 RAM Inc. 的全部经营资产,包括客户名单、品牌名称"RAM"和相关专利。客户名单已全额摊销,品牌名称因使用寿命不确定而不进行摊销。该专利在收购时价值9,283,300加元,将于2028年到期,按直线法每年摊销714,100加元。

魁北克工厂设备仅在必要时才进行升级,仅限于维持现有资产正常运转以及满足环保法规(减少用水)所需。RAM 工厂于2023年完成了纺纱和织造环节的自动化改造,确保成品质量的一致性并减少材料浪费;2023年底还完成了降低水耗和电耗的机械升级。2026年,公司已承诺为魁北克工厂和 RAM 工厂各投入100万加元用于更换生产设备,另拨付40万加元用于更新货车。

The company owns both mills. The head office is at the Quebec mill, located just north of Montreal in a rural area. The RAM mill is located in southern Ontario, also in a rural area, outside of Kingston. The company owns a fleet of delivery vehicles split between the two mills. In 2015, STC purchased all the operating assets of RAM Inc., including the customer list, brand name RAM, and the patent. The customer list has been fully amortized and the brand name is not amortized as it has an indefinite life. The patent, which had a value of $9,283,300 at the time of acquisition, expires in 2028 and is amortized on a straight-line basis at $714,100 annually.

There have been minimal equipment upgrades at the Quebec mill — only what has been necessary to sustain the existing PPE and to reduce water usage to demonstrate environmental responsibility for the customer contracts. At the RAM mill, investments to automate spinning and weaving were completed during 2023. In late 2023, additional machinery upgrades were made at the RAM mill that use less water and electricity. For 2026, the company has committed to replace existing production equipment for $1 million in the Quebec mill and $1 million in the RAM mill, as well as $400,000 for delivery vehicles.

固定资产账面净值及折旧政策(截至2025年12月31日)
AssetNet Book Value ($'000s)Depreciation Policy
Land2,019
Buildings9,932Straight-line — 30 years
Manufacturing equipment16,472Straight-line — 15 years
Furniture and equipment1,549Straight-line — 10 years
Computer hardware947Straight-line — 4 years
Delivery trucks198Straight-line — 8 years
Total net book value31,117

市场营销

Marketing

STC 通过官方网站展示产品信息并吸引新客户。公司坚持直销模式,不使用第三方佣金代理商。在与新客户建立合作之前,Doris 或 Philippe 会亲自进行面对面会谈,全面了解客户需求并评估双方理念是否契合,以确保签约后能切实满足客户预期。STC 通常参加各类加拿大行业展会,借此展示产品差异化优势。但2025年,公司为节省现金而未参加任何展会,赴新客户处的出差访问也因缺乏有意向的新客户而大幅压缩。STC 的品牌目前仅在制造商层面具有认知度,终端消费者并不熟悉其品牌,品牌影响力的地域范围也相对有限。

STC uses its website to provide information on its products and attract new business. Because the company wants to deal directly with customers, it does not use any third-party commission-based agents. To ensure STC can meet new customers' requirements and that corporate philosophies are aligned, Doris or Philippe spend considerable time upfront to meet and vet new customers with face-to-face meetings. This ensures that once contracts are signed, STC has confidence it can meet customers' expectations. STC attends various annual Canadian industry trade shows to market its fabrics. In 2025, STC did not attend any trade shows in order to save cash, and travel to visit new customers was also reduced because there were no new customers seriously interested in STC's products. STC's brands are recognized only by manufacturers and are not known by end consumers; its brand recognition has a limited segment and geographic scope.

数据分析

Data Analytics

目前,数据分析仅在 RAM 工厂运行,用于采集和分析原材料属性及成品特性和缺陷数据,以确保产品品质稳定,并进行实时质量偏差识别和纠偏。RAM 工厂还要求车间主管在每次生产延误时填写事故报告,数据汇报给管理层进行分析、跟进和处置。延误原因包括:原材料短缺或采购延误、设备故障或计划维护、质检问题或返工、产能和排班等计划问题,以及人为失误。

为提升能源效率,RAM 工厂设定了基于峰谷电价时段的用电目标:谷段(Off-peak)15%、平段(Mid-peak)30%、峰段(On-peak)55%。管理层已收集近期订单的用电数据,希望评估 RAM 工厂是否达成上述目标,并据此作出相应调整。此外,管理层还收到了一份关于客户面料选择关键因素的行业调查报告,希望分别针对 RAM 工厂和魁北克工厂的客户群体进行分析,以更好地满足客户需求。

Currently, at only the RAM mill, data is collected and analyzed on the properties of the raw material and for its finished-product characteristics and defects to ensure consistent product excellence and to improve quality control. Management wants to use this data to identify variables that will impact the quality, as well as identify deviations in the production process and correct them in real time. At the RAM mill, plant supervisors are required to fill out an incident report each time there is a production delay. Delays occur for the following reasons: raw materials issues, such as delays in sourcing or procuring materials; equipment breakdown or scheduled maintenance; quality control issues that require resolution or rework; planning issues, such as capacity constraints and employee scheduling; and human error.

To increase energy efficiency and manage energy costs, the RAM mill has set energy usage targets based on time-of-use periods: off-peak times, 15%; mid-peak times, 30%; on-peak times, 55%. Management has collected data from recent orders and would like to determine whether the RAM mill is meeting these energy usage targets and whether any adjustments are required. An industry report was also recently shared with STC management that included data on what customers are looking for when selecting textiles, segmented by textile type for RAM mill customers and Quebec mill customers separately.

财务报告与预算

Financial Reporting & Budgeting

STC 依照 ASPE(加拿大私营企业会计准则)进行财务报告,并按工厂分别编制损益预算,同时为整个公司编制月度现金流量预测。公司审计师为 LeCroix and Company, LLP,自2015年起持续承接年度审计工作。2025年度审计已于2026年3月完工。

STC follows ASPE for financial reporting purposes and prepares an income statement budget for each mill and monthly cash flow forecasts for the entire company. STC's auditors, LeCroix and Company, LLP, have audited the company's financial statements since 2015. The 2025 audit was completed in March 2026.

银行与融资

Banking & Financing

STC 自成立以来一直与魁北克银行(Bank of Quebec)合作,每年向银行提交经审计的财务报表。公司的银行账户、信贷额度和定期贷款均由魁北克银行管理。现有贷款情况如下:

信贷额度:以应收账款和存货作为抵押,最高额度500万加元,将于2027年4月重新谈判。利率为基准利率加1.0%(基准利率目前为3.8%),按月付息。

定期贷款:于2022年9月30日发放,2033年3月31日到期,每年3月31日偿还本金320万加元,利率7.5%按月付息。贷款以魁北克工厂和总部(含土地、建筑和生产设备)作为抵押,贷款资金用于偿还到期债务及 RAM 工厂新生产设备投资。

公司历史上从未派发股息,Hugo 和 Doris 一贯主张将盈余留存于公司以维持强健的资产负债表和充裕的营运资金。Hugo 也对当前现金储备不足表示担忧,希望2026年最低现金余额至少达到50万加元。公司适用27%的所得税税率。

STC has banked with Bank of Quebec since STC was incorporated. A copy of the audited financial statements is sent annually to the bank. STC has its corporate bank accounts, line of credit, and term loan all with Bank of Quebec. Current outstanding loans are as follows:

Line of credit: Secured by the accounts receivable and inventories, maximum available limit of $5 million, to be renegotiated in April 2027. Bears interest at prime plus 1.0%, payable monthly. Prime is currently 3.8%.

Term loan: Advanced on September 30, 2022, matures on March 31, 2033. Annual principal payments of $3.2 million are payable on March 31, and interest at 7.5% is payable monthly. The debt is secured by STC's Quebec mill and head office, which includes the land, building, and production equipment. The loan proceeds were used to repay debt that was coming due and for the RAM mill's new production equipment.

In the past, STC has never paid dividends, since Hugo and Doris have always wanted to retain any excess cash in the company to maintain a strong balance sheet and working capital balance. Hugo is concerned about the low amount of cash on hand and would like to see the minimum cash balance for 2026 increase to at least $500,000. The company pays income taxes at 27%.